Depression

Depression is a common and serious mood disorder that causes persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities. It can affect how you feel, think, and handle daily activities.

Common symptoms of depression include feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness, loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed, changes in appetite or weight, sleep disturbances, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of death or suicide.

Depression is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Factors such as family history, trauma, stress, certain medications, and medical conditions can increase the risk of developing depression.

Depression is typically diagnosed by a healthcare provider through a physical examination, psychological evaluation, and a review of symptoms and medical history. The provider may use criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) to make a diagnosis.

Treatment for depression may include psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or interpersonal therapy, medication, such as antidepressants, lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise and a healthy diet, and support from family, friends, and mental health professionals. In severe cases, hospitalization or other intensive treatments may be necessary.